Textile Terminology | Introduction to Textile | Fiber, Staple fibers, Filament | Yarn | Fabric | Garments | Home furnishing

 

Textile Terminologies

Textile:

Textile is the term which include various categories of wearing, home furnishing and different useful cloths.

Fiber:

The small flexible particles of textiles cloths which can natural, man-mad.

As the natural fibers are grow naturally and cultivated or shearing from animals.

The natural fibers further divided into 3 categories:

Plants: The fiber is collected from plants (from their leaves, stem & roots or seeds). The fibers are cellulosic based (their composition is cellulosic because every plant based fibers are cellulosic material).

Cotton collect from seeds of plant.

Jute fiber collect from plant stem.

Banana fiber collect from stem of banana plant.

Banana fibers

Animals: The fibers is collect from animal skin and mouth or from their body.

Wool is shearing from sheep skin.

Silk is produce by silkworm mouth

Chitosan fiber is collect from chitin sea animal.

wool fibers

Minerals: The fibers is collected from minerals.

Asbestos is one of the minerals nature fiber of textile

 

Asbestos

Man-mad fibers:

The man-made (“man” means “human” and “made” mean “manufacturing”) is the fibers which manufactured by human.

It’s further sub-divided into 2 categories.

Regenerated fiber: The fibers which grown naturally but ready in laboratory by some chemicals to use it. Naturally these fibers can’t be use so to treat it with some chemicals and do some processes for them to make them ready and use it for textiles.

Viscose Rayon is the fiber which is grown naturally but make them ready in laboratory. Its cellulosic base fiber (plant base fiber).

Loycell is also regenerated and cellulosic base fibers.

Acetate is also regenerated and cellulosic base fibers.

Viscos Rayon

Synthetic fibers: The fibers which is made by fully artificially or in laboratory which is mostly plastic based or mineral based. As like syntactic fibers is petroleum based and made from minerals.

Polyester The fiber also called PET (Polyethylene terephthalate). The fiber is petroleum based and made in laboratory by pushing or penetrate PET chemicals in spinrit which contain holes and this make the polyester continuous strand of fiber or filament.

Nylon is synthetic fibers also known as polyamide fibers because it contain amide groups. Nylon manufacturing is same like polyester and it’s also petroleum based fiber.

Polypropylene is plastic based fibers also synthetic in nature.

Staple fiber:

The fibers have short length called staple fiber or staple length. So the fibers represented by length called staple fibers. The staple fibers are basically natural fibers because synthetic fibers are filaments and we can manufacture length as much as per requirement but natural fibers are not on our requirements because they grown naturally. As the length of fiber increases so their quality become better.

It’s further divided into 3 types:

1.       Short staple length: The fibers having length is 3-18 mm called short staple length.

2.       Medium staple length: the fibers having length is 18-25 mm called medium staple length.

3.       Long staple length: the fibers having length is 25-30 mm called long staple length.

Filament:

The fibers have continues length. It can be in meters or in centimeters mainly its syntactic fibers. Because we made syntactic fibers length as per our requirement. But in natural fibers only silk is filament because silk can be in meters or centimeters. Polyester, nylon, silk & different synthetic fibers.

Yarn:

Yarn is continues twisted strand or assembly of fibers which is made by aligning the fibers and make them twist together to add strength in it. Yarn is made in spinning processes (Blow room-ring spinning).

Fabric:

The interlacement or interloping of Yarns called fabrics. Fabric can made from one yarn system or two or three system.

Woven fabric is made of 2 yarn system. Warp and weft yarn become interlace and make woven fabric.

Knitted fabric is made of 1 yarn system.

Breaded fabric is made of 3 yarn system.

Knitted Fabric

Garment:

To give any useful shape to fabric called garments. Garments is wearable cloths which is made by giving proper shape to fabrics.

Socks, dresses, jeans, paints, shirts etc.

Apparel Garments:

The garments which touch our body or that garment which wear by humans called apparel.

E.g. socks, jeans, paints, shirts, skirts, fabric shoes etc.

 

Home Furnishing:

The fabrics or garments which is used in home for rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and many more.

E.g. Curtails, blankets, towels, etc.

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